Chem Eng 1007/1007UAC: Introduction to Process Engineering
Tutorial Assignment #2
Due Thursday 23/03/22 @ 5:00 PM
You are asked to decide what size containers to use to ship 1000 lb of cottonseed oil of specific gravity equal to 0.926. What would be the minimum size drum expressed in
SF S2.2lbITT
ol-0.9 s o i37.6
occupied by 10,010 lb of this solution at 80¡ãF? [2 marks]
gallons? [3 marks]
The density of a certain solution is 8.80 lb/gal at 80¡ãF. How many cubic feet will be
8.801b/ga) =0 0 => v =1137.5ga) => v 1137.5×0.13377+ =
c. A company produces latex paint base by mixing together the ingredients for the paint. All flow rates are held constant to maintain the proper ratio of ingredients. Working around the clock, the company makes approximately 800 gallons of paint
every 24 hours. [1 mark] Continuous process, steady state
In 2017, a group of students and faculty from Brigham Young University developed and took to Tonga a process for using coconuts (available in plentiful supply) to produce biodiesel fuel and soap (both products of high value to the Tongan people). [8 marks]
The process consists of the following:
a. The coconuts are pre-processed (the pre-processing method doesn¡¯t need to be represented on the diagram) to produce coconut milk and ¡°dry¡± coconut oil.
b. The coconut oil passes through an ¡°Oil Heater¡± (fuel- type) before entering a
reactor (open-tank, stirred).
c. Methanol and a small amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, acting as a catalyst) are
mixed together in a mixer (open tank, stirred), and the resulting mixture also enters
the reactor described above.
d. In the reactor (described in b.), the methanol and coconut oil react to form
biodiesel and glycerol. Two streams leave the reactor: crude biodiesel (also
Classify the following as either batch or continuous processes, and indicate whether each is a steady-state or an unsteady- state process:
a. A ¡°surge-tank¡± is used when a liquid is coming from one part of a process at a variable rate, and we want to provide a reservoir of that liquid to feed another part of the process. Thus, a surge tank continuously (but at varying flow rates) receives liquid from an incoming stream and also loses that same liquid continuously (also possibly at changing flow rates) in an outgoing stream. The volume in the tank also
changes with time. [1 mark] Continuous process, unsteady
b. We bake a cake by mixing the ingredients in a cake pan, placing the pan and mixture in an oven for a prescribed amount of time, and then removing the cake to
cool down. [1 mark]
Batch process, steady state
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containing some water and residuals) and glycerol (also containing unreacted
methanol).
e. The crude biodiesel passes through a ¡°washer¡± where water is sprayed into the
stream (like a spray condenser), and a stream of water and residuals leaves the bottom of the washer. Meanwhile, the washed (wet) biodiesel leaves the washer and passes through a water filter, which removes most of the water.
f. The biodiesel finally enters a 2-stage evaporator. Stage 1 is a ¡°Diesel Heater¡± (fuel- type) that warms the bio- diesel, which then enters Stage 2, a ¡°Water Evaporator¡± tank (horizontal tank) where the water vapor evaporates and exits from the top, while the dry diesel exits the bottom.
g. The glycerol stream from the reactor (described in d.) enters a 2-stage evaporator. Stage 1 is a ¡°Glycerol Heater¡± (fuel-type) that warms the glycerol stream, which then enters Stage 2, a ¡°Methanol Evaporator¡± tank (horizontal tank) where the methanol vapor evaporates and exits from the top, while the purified glycerol exits the bottom.
h. The purified glycerol from ¡®g¡¯ enters a Solidifier (open tank, mixed). Also entering the Solidifier is some salt (NaCl) solution (a solidifying agent) and some of the coconut milk (described in a.). From the Solidifier comes the solid soap.
i. The methanol vapor leaving the Methanol Evaporator (described in g.) passes through a ¡°Methanol Condenser¡± (coil-in-tank), with a cold-water stream providing the cooling. The condensed methanol leaving the condenser is returned to make up part of the methanol stream entering the mixer described in ¡®c¡¯.
Construct a Process Flow Diagram (without the stream table) using the symbols given in Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow by K.A. Solen, Figure 2.5, provided below.
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